Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)

Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)

Botanical Name: Achillea millefolium
Common Name: Yarrow, Milfoil, Soldier's Woundwort
Family: Asteraceae

Description

Yarrow is a hardy perennial herb that grows in a variety of climates, from temperate regions to higher altitudes. It is found throughout Europe, Asia, and North America, thriving in meadows, pastures, and on roadsides. Yarrow typically grows between 30 to 60 cm in height, with feathery, finely divided leaves and small clusters of white, pink, or red flowers that form dense, flat-topped inflorescences. The plant has a distinctive aroma that is slightly bitter and herbaceous.

Historically, Yarrow has been valued for its medicinal properties, particularly for its ability to stop bleeding, reduce inflammation, and promote wound healing. It has a rich tradition of use in herbal medicine, especially for its ability to support both internal and external healing.

Parts Used
  1. Flowers – The flowers are the primary medicinal part, collected when in full bloom. The flowers can be used fresh or dried for various preparations, such as tinctures, teas, or poultices.

  2. Leaves – The leaves are often used in herbal remedies and are especially valuable in treatments for digestive issues, fevers, and inflammation. The leaves are harvested in the spring or early summer when they are still fresh and potent.

  3. Stems – Less commonly used than the flowers or leaves, but can be included in herbal preparations for their mild medicinal properties.

  4. Roots – The roots of Yarrow are used less frequently but have applications in some traditional medicine systems. They are typically harvested in the autumn, after the plant has finished flowering.

Constituents
  • Flavonoids (such as quercetin and apigenin) – These contribute to Yarrow’s anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and calming properties.
  • Alkaloids (including achilleine and choline) – Known for their ability to promote healing and soothe the nervous system.
  • Tannins – Provide astringent properties, which help in wound healing and reducing internal bleeding.
  • Essential oils (including chamazulene and eucalyptol) – Have anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties.
  • Sesquiterpene lactones – Known for their ability to reduce inflammation and support the immune system.
  • Saponins – Contribute to its mild diuretic and detoxifying effects.
  • Coumarins – Known for their ability to support circulation and reduce inflammation.

Equine Use

Yarrow has a wide range of applications in equine herbal medicine, especially for its ability to support the body’s natural healing processes and promote overall vitality. It is often used to treat wounds, infections, and digestive issues in horses.

Uses in horses:
  • Wound healing: Yarrow is perhaps best known for its ability to stop bleeding and promote the healing of cuts, abrasions, and open wounds. The plant's astringent properties help to contract tissues, while its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects support the healing process.
  • Digestive support: Yarrow can be used to treat mild gastrointestinal issues such as indigestion, colic, and diarrhea. Its bitter compounds stimulate the production of digestive enzymes and bile, improving digestion.
  • Fever and inflammation: Yarrow is a common herb for supporting the immune system and reducing fevers in horses. It can be used in situations where a horse is fighting off infection or inflammation.
  • Respiratory support: Yarrow’s anti-inflammatory properties can help soothe the respiratory tract and alleviate coughing, nasal discharge, or other mild respiratory issues.

In horses, Yarrow can be used as part of a poultice for wound care or given as a tea or tincture for internal support.

Canine Use

Yarrow is also used in the care of dogs, particularly for its antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and digestive-supporting qualities. It is often used in treating minor injuries, digestive disturbances, and general inflammatory conditions.

Uses in dogs:
  • Wound care and injury: Yarrow is known to be an effective herb for promoting healing in cuts, abrasions, and minor wounds. It can be used as a poultice or applied as a salve to help stop bleeding and reduce inflammation.
  • Digestive health: Yarrow helps support the digestive system, especially in cases of mild indigestion, upset stomach, or bloating. It can be used to ease symptoms of diarrhea or to calm the stomach after overconsumption of food or treats.
  • Fever and inflammation: Like in horses, Yarrow can be beneficial for dogs with fevers or inflammation, particularly when associated with infections or chronic conditions such as arthritis.
  • Skin conditions: Yarrow is often used in herbal preparations for dogs suffering from mild skin conditions, such as hot spots, rashes, or dermatitis, due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.

Yarrow is safe for dogs when used appropriately, typically as a diluted tincture or tea. It is always advisable to consult with a veterinarian before introducing new herbs into a dog’s routine.

UK and Isle of Man Folklore

Yarrow has a long history in British and Celtic folklore, where it was revered as a sacred and magical herb, often associated with protection, healing, and divination.

  1. Sacred Herb of the Celts: In Celtic mythology, Yarrow was considered a sacred herb, often linked to the healing powers of the Druids. It was believed that Yarrow had the ability to ward off evil spirits and was used in rituals to bring about healing and protection.

  2. Will of the Wisps: In Isle of Man and parts of the UK, Yarrow was thought to have magical properties that could help people communicate with the spirit world. It was often used in divination, especially in the form of “Yarrow stalk divination,” which involved casting the herb’s leaves and interpreting the results.

  3. Soldier’s Woundwort: Yarrow has long been associated with healing wounds, earning it the nickname “Soldier’s Woundwort” in recognition of its historical use in treating battlefield injuries. During medieval times, it was often carried by soldiers and used to treat cuts, bruises, and bleeding.

  4. Herbal Magic and Love Potions: Yarrow was also associated with love spells and romantic magic. It was believed that carrying Yarrow or placing it under the pillow could ensure good fortune in love. The herb was also thought to strengthen the bonds between couples, making it a popular herb for love charms.

  5. Protection Against Illness: Yarrow’s ability to stop bleeding and promote healing made it a powerful symbol of protection and healing. It was often used in rituals to protect the home from sickness or misfortune, and Yarrow was believed to keep harmful spirits at bay.

Conclusion

Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) is a versatile and powerful herb that has a long history of use in both human and animal medicine. Its potent anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and astringent properties make it invaluable for treating wounds, infections, digestive issues, and fevers in both horses and dogs. Additionally, Yarrow is a valuable herb for supporting the body’s natural healing processes.

With its rich cultural and magical associations in UK and Isle of Man folklore, Yarrow is much more than a medicinal herb. It symbolizes healing, protection, and the mystical connection between the earthly and spiritual realms. Whether used for physical ailments or for its folkloric significance, Yarrow continues to be a cherished and useful herb in herbal traditions.

As always, it is important to consult with a qualified herbalist or veterinarian before using Yarrow in any treatment plan for animals.

Coat and skin

Digestion

Inflamation

Respiratory

Willow (Salix spp.) Calming